![]() ![]() Our review has not demonstrated ENDS to be causative of harmful CVD outcomes furthermore switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes was associated with improved hypertensive control and reduced exacerbations of COPD, with no evidence of increased asthma risk or long-term respiratory harm. Mental Health, cancer and mortality were not adequately studied to form any consensus. Switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes resulted in reduced exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with no evidence of long-term deterioration in lung function. ![]() In our review, ENDS was not shown to be causative for harmful cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and shown to be beneficial for hypertensive patients. Quality ratings were poor in 20 (54%), fair in 9(24%) and good in 8(22%) of studies. Levels of evidence included 24(65%) cross-sectional, one (2.7%) case–control and six (16%) case studies, four (11%) cohort studies, one (2.7%) randomized controlled trial (RCT) and one (2.7%) meta-analysis 27(73%) studies reported only on harms, eight (22%) reported on benefits, two (2%) on benefits and harms. The database search identified 755 studies, and other sources 265 37 studies met final eligibility criteria. We included published literature on the health impact of ENDS from until following the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar. The objective was to identify, narratively synthesize, assess the strength and quality of evidence and critically appraise studies that have reported disease end points associated with the use of ENDS. ![]() We conducted a scoping review of studies on health outcomes from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). ![]()
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